Theodore Roosevelt

He led the Rough Riders through enemy fire on San Juan Hill.

Theodore Roosevelt served as lieutenant colonel of the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, known as the Rough Riders, during the Spanish-American War. On 1 July 1898, near Santiago de Cuba, he led troops across open ground under heavy Spanish fire in the assault on San Juan Hill. Advancing with a small group, he encouraged the soldiers to continue and reached the enemy trenches. His Medal of Honor citation recognizes his personal bravery and leadership during the attack. His service with the Rough Riders remains a central part of his military legacy.

Medal of Honor citation

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty, Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt distinguished himself by acts of bravery on 1 July 1898, near Santiago de Cuba, Republic of Cuba, while leading a daring charge up San Juan Hill. Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt, in total disregard for his personal safety, and accompanied by only four or five men, led a desperate and gallant charge up San Juan Hill, encouraging his troops to continue the assault through withering enemy fire over open countryside. Facing the enemy's heavy fire, he displayed extraordinary bravery throughout the charge, and was the first to reach the enemy trenches, where he quickly killed one of the enemy with his pistol, allowing his men to continue the assault. His leadership and valor turned the tide in the battle for San Juan Hill. Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army.