William E. Miller (soldier, born 1836)

William Edward Miller was an American soldier and Pennsylvania State Senator who fought with the Union Army in the American Civil War. He is best known for his actions during the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863, where he served as a Captain.

During the battle, Miller was ordered to keep his company stationed on a hill. Recognizing a critical moment in the conflict, he made the decision to disobey these orders and led a surprise attack against a Confederate charge. His decisive and bold action is credited with saving the Union position at Gettysburg.

For his bravery and leadership in disobeying a direct order to secure victory, Miller was awarded the Medal of Honor. This action is historically notable as it was claimed to be the first time in American military history where a soldier was decorated with the nation's highest award for disobeying an order.